| Role | Fighter-bomber |
|---|---|
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Sukhoi |
| First flight | 2 August 1966 |
| Introduction | 1970 |
| Status | In limited service |
| Primary users | Soviet Air Forces (historical) Syrian Air Force Polish Air Force Vietnam People's Air Force |
| Produced | 1969–1990 |
| Number built | 2,867 |
| Developed from | Sukhoi Su-7 |

Shortly after the Su-7 fighter-bomber was put into service, the Sukhoi Design Bureau was ordered to develop a modernization program. The program would be aimed primarily at updating on-board avionics and takeoff/landing characteristics. The concept of variable-geometry wings - something gaining wider attention at that time - was adopted. The program was to be led by Sukhoi's head designer, Nikolay Zyrin.
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The S-52U two-seat combat-trainer, export version of the Su-17UM, with a completely re-designed nose housing the tandem cockpits for student and instructor. Gun pods such as the GSh-23 based UPK-23 and SPPU-22 were utilized by the Su-17, Su-20, and Su-22. The SPPU-22 ground attack variant featured 30 degrees of traverse.
On 19 August 2003, a Polish Air Force Su-22M4K was accidentally shot down by friendly fire during an exercise by a Polish 2K12 Kub missile battery.
On 11 August 2009, Yemeni armed forces started Operation Scorched Earth in northern Yemen to fight Houthi rebels.