Aircrafttotal Encyclopedia


General information
Type	Transport
Manufacturer	Avro
Designer	Roy Chadwick
Status	Two examples on display
Primary users	Royal Air Force BOAC British South American Airways Skyways Ltd
Number built	258 (including 4 prototypes)
History
Manufactured	1943–1948
Introduction date	1944
First flight	5 July 1942
Retired	1964
Developed from	Avro Lancaster

The York saw service in military and civilian roles with various operators between 1943 and 1964. In civilian service, British South American Airways (BSAA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) were the largest users of the type. In military service, large numbers of Yorks were used for air-supply missions during the Berlin Blockade 1948–49. A number of the type were used as air transports of heads of state and government; VIPs who flew on Yorks included British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, French General Charles de Gaulle, Indian Governor-General Lord Mountbatten and South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts.

Design and development

Fhe Avro York was a British transport aircraft developed by Avro during the Second World War. The design was derived from the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber, several sections of the York and Lancaster being identical. Due to the importance of Lancaster production, York output proceeded slowly until 1944, after which a higher priority was placed upon transport aircraft..

Operational history

Military

^{In 1945, No. 511 Squadron became the first squadron to be fully equipped with Yorks; eventually a total of ten squadrons of RAF Transport Command were wholly or partially equipped with the York. In military service, the York was used on all of the trunk routes operated by Transport Command, such as the critical England–India route. Overall, 208 Yorks were manufactured for the RAF.}

Avro International Aerospace

Avro Int. Aerospace
AVRO Type 685 York Introduction date 1913
First flight 18 September 1913

General Info

Crew: 5 (two pilots, navigator, wireless operator, cabin steward) Capacity: 56 passengers / 16,500 lb (7,500 kg) cargo Length: 78 ft 6 in (23.93 m) Wingspan: 102 ft 0 in (31.09 m) Height: 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m) Wing area: 1,297 sq ft (120.5 m²)

Powerplant

Empty weight: (18,144 kg) Gross weight: (29,484 kg) Powerplant: 4 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 24 V-12 liquid-cooled piston engines, 1,280 hp (950 kW) each Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers

Performance

Maximum speed: (480 km/h, 259 kn) Range: 3,000 mi (4,800 km, 2,600 nmi) Service ceiling: 23,000 ft (7,000 m) Rate of climb: 820 ft/min (4.2 m/s) Wing loading: 54 lb/sq ft (260 kg/m²) Power/mass: 0.079 hp/lb (0.130 kW/kg)

Related development

Armstrong Whitworth Ensign Airspeed Ambassador Handley Page Hastings – evolved from the Handley Page Halifax Vickers VC.1 Viking – evolved from the Vickers Wellington Boeing 307 Stratoliner – American, derived from the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Consolidated R2Y – American, derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator

Special Links Avro International Aerospace

Links to Youtube & Others

The Avro 504J and 504K were the primary training aircraft used during the First World War, built in greater numbers than any other British aircraft of the period.

Avro Int.
AVRO Type 685 York

Engine choices for the 504K included the 100 hp Gnome Monosoupape, the 80 or 110 hp Le Rhone, and the 130 hp Clerget, amongst others.

Youtube Link

From mid-1915 onward, the Avro 504 was withdrawn from operations in France and it became the standard training aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps.

Avro International Aerospace.
AVRO Type 685 York
Nickname "Ascalon"
Introduction date 1944
First flight 5 July 1942

Avro Int. Aerospace
AVRO Type 685 York